Governor Mifflin School District And Filtering Of LGBT Online Content, Franks v. Metropolitan Board of Public Education. We need to replace ignorance and frustration with better life opportunities that restore confidence a tall order and a tough agenda. Solving this problem will require larger changes in society., A number of respondents mentioned market capitalism as a primary obstacle to improving the information environment. An emeritus professor of communication for a U.S. Ivy League university noted, We have lost an important social function in the press. I (still) trust the longstanding principle of free speech: The best cure for offensive speech is MORE speech. The average man or woman in America today has less knowledge of the underpinnings of his or her daily life than they did 50 or a hundred years ago. Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? Recorded: September 2015, How to be a Ninja Warrior Filter Fighter! People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. How has economic globalization positively influenced world politics? Children's Internet Protection Act The audiences typically are looking for information that fits their belief systems, so it is a really tough problem.. Which one of the following statements on Filtering and Sorting is true? The crisis we face about truth and reliable facts is predicated less on the ability to get people to believe the *wrong* thing as it is on the ability to get people to *doubt* the right thing. Martin is the financial director of the small business. Sorting can be applied to columns but not rows. She wrote, Right now, there is an incentive to spread fake news. and Jill are experiencing what communication barrier. which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate?papa smurf tattoo Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between conflict and performance is true? We are at the beginning of a largescale negative impact from the undermining of a social sense of reliable fact. Theme 1: The information environment will not improve: The problem is human nature Theme 2: The information environment will not improve because technology will create new challenges that can't or won't be countered effectively and at scale Theme 3: The information environment will improve because technology will help label, filter or ban misinformation and thus upgrade the public's . He wrote, Machine learning and sophisticated statistical techniques will be used to accurately simulate real information content and make fake information almost indistinguishable from the real thing., Jason Hong, associate professor at the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, said, Some fake information will be detectable and blockable, but the vast majority wont. Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? Statement on Library Use of Filtering Software (1997) These people will drop out of the normal flow of information. Which one of the following statements on Filtering and Sorting is true? So the responsibility is with the person who is seeking the news and trying to get information on what is going on. They will only continue the centralization of power in a small number of companies that control the flow of information.. Visit our Fight Censorship page for easy-to-access resources. Its good for democracy to stop the spread of misinformation, but its bad for business. A lot of fake news is created by a few people, and removing their incentive could stop much of the news postings., Andrea Matwyshyn, a professor of law at Northeastern University who researches innovation and law, particularly information security, observed, Software liability law will finally begin to evolve. A share of respondents said a lack of commonly shared knowledge leads many in society to doubt the reliability of everything, causing them to simply drop out of civic participation, depleting the number of active and informed citizens. The 2016 Brexit vote in the United Kingdom and the tumultuous U.S. presidential election highlighted how the digital age has affected news and cultural narratives. Everything, ok? Anthony responds quickly and carelessly: No worries, g2 wrk nw. Anthonys message to his coworker is. Last change saved 4 minutes ago. Many of these respondents said the leaders and engineers of the major information platform companies will play a significant role. An anonymous respondent observed, Whatever is devised will not be seen as impartial; some things are not black and white; for other situations, facts brought up to come to a conclusion are different that other facts used by others in a situation. unclear because of which communication issue? The reason is simply that advertising revenue has been untethered from news production., With precarious funding and shrinking audiences, healthy journalism that serves the common good is losing its voice. Furthermore, information is a source of power and thus a source of contemporary warfare., Peter Lunenfeld, a professor at UCLA, commented, For the foreseeable future, the economics of networks and the networks of economics are going to privilege the dissemination of unvetted, unverified and often weaponized information. The existence of clickbait sites make it easy for conspiracy theories to be rapidly spread by people who do not bother to read entire articles, nor look for trusted sources. A) Inhibition of return promotes an individual attending to new and unsearched locations, thereby resulting in a more efficient visual search. Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions . After the 2016 election, the issue of fake information has been spotlighted.. They noted their faith was grounded in history, arguing that humans have always found ways to innovate to overcome problems. manage the reactions of the listener(s), you are engaging in filtering. But because the internet cannot be regulated free speech will continue to dominate, meaning the information environment will not improve., But another share of respondents said that is precisely why authenticated identities which are already operating in some places, including China will become a larger part of information systems. The information environment will NOT improve In the next 10 years, on balance, the information environment will NOT BE improved by changes designed to reduce the spread of lies and other misinformation online. ", Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights, Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights(2015). This data is represented by the user vector. They hope this will simultaneously enable the screening of content while still protecting rights such as free speech. The state and trends in education and place of critical thinking in curricula across the world will be the place to look to see whether or not the information environment will improve cyberliteracy relies on basic information literacy, social literacy and technological literacy. They cited several reasons: They said these factors and others make it difficult for many people in the digital age to create and come to share the type of common knowledge that undergirds better and more-responsive public policy. We understand online and offline are different modalities of real life. There are a lot of rich and unethical people, politicians, non-state actors and state actors who are strongly incentivized to get fake information out there to serve their selfish purposes. Anonymous project leader for a science institute. The majority of participants in this canvassing wrote detailed elaborations on their views. In this scenario, what part of the communication process does the voicemail, If students try to go online to view the syllabus and the universitys computer system keeps shutting down on them. He recently read a memo from one, department presenting a new idea for a product. This does not mean that all people will subscribe to either scientific or journalistic method (or both), but they will gravitate toward material the sources and institutions they find trustworthy, and those institutions will, themselves, demand methods of verification beyond those they use today., A retired public official and internet pioneer predicted, 1) Education for veracity will become an indispensable element of secondary school. A) Controlled attention processes are slow, effortful, and consciously guide attention to objects of interest. Which of the following correctly outlines the type of processing and effect on target detection? C) It assumes unattended information is completely filtered out, with no further processing. Zbigniew ukasiak, Alex Sandy Pentland, member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the World Economic Forum, commented, We know how to dramatically improve the situation, based on studies of political and similar predictions. Step 1: Get rid of unwanted observations The first stage in any data cleaning process is to remove the observations (or data points) you don't want. Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? This has been referred to as the weaponization of public narratives. Its how people choose to react and access to information and news thats important, not the mechanisms that distribute them. One cannot apply a filter for more than one column in a cell range. What is Digital Image Processing? Minors and Online Activity: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights (2019) And we have come to see the television news teams as representing divergent points of view, and, depending on your politics, the network that does not represent your views is guilty of fake news. It is hard to imagine a fair referee that would be universally trusted., Richard Lachmann, professor of sociology at the State University of New York at Albany, replied, Even though systems [that] flag unreliable information can and will be developed, internet users have to be willing to take advantage of those warnings. FCC Report and Order 11-125, August 21, 2011 (report and regulations implementing CIPA), CIPA: A Brief FAQ on Public Library Compliance (2012) This section features responses by several of the top analysts who participated in this canvassing. (YALSA), Information Technology & Telecommunication Services, Office for Diversity, Literacy, and Outreach Services (ODLOS), Office for Human Resource Development and Recruitment (HRDR), Ethnic & Multicultural Information Exchange RT (EMIERT), Graphic Novels & Comics Round Table (GNCRT), Social Responsibilities Round Table (SRRT), 225 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1300 Chicago, IL 60601 | 1.800.545.2433, Intellectual Freedom: Issues and Resources, Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the, Minors and Online Activity: An Interpretation of the, Access to Digital Resources and Services: An Interpretation of the, Resolution on Opposition to Federally Mandated Internet Filtering, Statement on Library Use of Filtering Software, Guidelines to Minimize the Negative Effects of Internet Content Filters on Intellectual Freedom, Fencing Out Knowledge:Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act 10 Years Later, Minors' First Amendment Rights: CIPA and School Libraries, Why Filters Won't Protect Children or Adults, Lester Asheim in Cyberspace: A Tribute to Sound Reasoning, Do You See What I See? Emmanuel Edet, head of legal services at the National Information Technology Development Agency of Nigeria, observed, The information environment will improve but at a cost to privacy., Bill Woodcock, executive director of the Packet Clearing House, wrote, Theres a fundamental conflict between anonymity and control of public speech, and the countries that dont value anonymous speech domestically are still free to weaponize it internationally, whereas the countries that do value anonymous speech must make it available to all, [or] else fail to uphold their own principle., James LaRue, director of the Office for Intellectual Freedom of the American Library Association, commented, Information systems incentivize getting attention. Bots are often employed, and AI is expected to be implemented heavily in the information wars to magnify the speed and impact of messaging. In the United States, corporate filtering of information will impose the views of the economic elite., The executive director of a major global privacy advocacy organization argued removing civil liberties in order to stop misinformation will not be effective, saying, Problematic actors will be able to game the devised systems while others will be over-regulated.. Center for Democracy and Technology, Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material(2018) In the longer term, Im optimistic that the second force will dominate as transaction cost-reduction appears to be relatively in favor of crowds versus concentrated institutions., A past chairman of a major U.S. scientific think tank and former CEO replied, [The information environment] should improve because there are many techniques that can be brought to bear both human-mediated such as collective intelligence via user voting and rating and technological responses that are either very early in their evolution or not or not deployed at all. It maintains the information in a dynamic state table and evaluates subsequent connection attempts. By Sarah Houghton published in Library Technology Reports, Why Filters Won't Protect Children or Adults (2004) By Heins, M., Cho, C. and Feldman, A., B) Triesman proposed that information from the attended ear was filtered for semantic importance and the unattended ear was . I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries (2007) They eschew accountability for the impact of their inventions on society and have not developed any of the principles or practices that can deal with the complex issues. It may now be easier to spread to more people more quickly, but the responsibility for sifting facts from fiction has always sat with the person receiving that information and always will., An internet pioneer and rights activist based in the Asia/Pacific region said, We as a society are not investing enough in education worldwide. Speech can be regulated in certain venues, but obviously not in all. Their reasoning revealed a wide range of opinions about the nature of these threats and the most likely solutions required to resolve them. Amy just met with her boss, James, who praised her for her hard work and record-, setting sales for the past year. B) The late selection filter because it allows for higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. Some 1,116 responded to this nonscientific canvassing: 51% chose the option that the information environment will not improve, and 49% said the information environment will improve. Theres also the issue of subtle nuances or differences of opinion or interpretation. E-rate and Universal Service ONIs mission is to identify and document Internet filtering and surveillance, and to promote and inform wider public dialogues about such practices". Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. ", Access Denied: How Internet Filtering in Schools Harms Public Education (February 2013) Filtering Software: The Religious Connection (2002) Increased censorship and mass surveillance will tend to create official truths in various parts of the world. The problem is human nature, The Role of Alternative Social Media in the News and Information Environment, AI and Human Enhancement: Americans Openness Is Tempered by a Range of Concerns. A) Broadbent proposed that semantically important information may still be processed even if it is heard through the unattended ear. Because adults and, to a lesser degree minors, have First Amendment rights, libraries and schools that choose to use content filters should implement policies and procedures that mitigate the negative effects of filtering to the greatest extent possible. After logging in to his computer, he sees an instant message from one of his coworkers who was not at the meeting: What is going on? Being banned from social media is one obvious one. By Deborah Caldwell Stone published in American Libraries, Minors' First Amendment Rights: CIPA and School Libraries (2010) I agree. Many of these experts said the flaws in human nature and still-undeveloped norms in the digital age are the key problems that make users susceptible to false, misleading and manipulative online narratives. A professor at a Washington, D.C.-area university said, It is nearly impossible to implement solutions at scale the attack surface is too large to be defended successfully., Jerry Michalski, futurist and founder of REX, replied, The trustworthiness of our information environment will decrease over the next decade because: 1) It is inexpensive and easy for bad actors to act badly; 2) Potential technical solutions based on strong ID and public voting (for example) wont quite solve the problem; and 3) real solutions based on actual trusted relationships will take time to evolve likely more than a decade., It is nearly impossible to implement solutions at scale the attack surface is too large to be defended successfully. We cant machine-learn our way out of this disaster, which is actually a perfect storm of poor civics knowledge and poor information literacy., Miguel Alcaine, International Telecommunication Union area representative for Central America, commented, The boundaries between online and offline will continue to blur. It is a social condition, like crime, that you must constantly monitor and adjust to. Given that there is freedom of speech, I wonder how the situation can ever improve. Not monotonically, and not without effort, but fundamentally, I still believe that the efforts to improve the information environment will ultimately outweigh efforts to devolve it., Bryan Alexander, futurist and president of Bryan Alexander Consulting, replied, Growing digital literacy and the use of automated systems will tip the balance towards a better information environment.. International Federation of Libraries /FAIFE (Committee on Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression). And yet, it feels like as a society, we are outsourcing this function to private entities that exist, ultimately, to make a profit and not necessarily for a social good. We adopt most likely scenarios for events of which we do not have detailed knowledge, and so on. We use what we know of statistics and probability to compartment uncertainty. Many of those who expect the information environment to improve anticipate that information literacy training and other forms of assistance will help people become more sophisticated consumers. Lying is a powerful way to do that. During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and. Filtering enables people to get the most accurate picture of a situation. The most important action societies can take to protect people is education, information and training., An early internet developer and security consultant commented, Fake news is not a product of a flaw in the communications channel and cannot be fixed by a fix to the channel. They will keep unfriending those who dont, and passing on rumors and fake news that agrees with their point of view. The biggest risk, as with many things, is that narrow self-interest stops people from effectively collaborating.. Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry (2016) $45.84$34.38. C) Stroop Task These experts noted that the public has turned to social media especially Facebook to get its news. They said the publics craving for quick reads and tabloid-style sensationalism is what makes social media the field of choice for manipulative narratives, which are often packaged to appear like news headlines. The following section presents an overview of the themes found among the written responses, including a small selection of representative quotes supporting each point. Profound levels of ungrounded beliefs about things both sacred and profane existed before the branding of fake news. Belief systems not truths help to cement identities, forge relationships, explain the unexplainable., Julian Sefton-Green, professor of new media education at Deakin University in Australia, said, The information environment is an extension of social and political tensions.
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