You vomit a lot. Prioritized nursing diagnosis includes risk for decreased cardiac tissue perfusion, activity intolerance, and deficient knowledge. Hyponatremia (decreased sodium in blood) OR hypernatremia (increased sodium in the blood) could be present depending on the types of fluid lost. For hypokalemia associated with diuretic use, stopping the diuretic or reducing its dosage may be effective.15 Another strategy, if otherwise indicated to treat a comorbid condition, is use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), beta blocker, or potassium-sparing diuretic because each of these drugs is associated with an elevation in serum potassium. Assess the level of consciousness and neuromuscular function, including sensation, strength, and movement.The client is usually conscious and alert; however, muscular paresthesia, weakness, and flaccid paralysis may occur. The patient is tachycardic and PVCs are noted on ECG. What is the NANDA nursing diagnosis for pneumonia . Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia can also cause paralysis and weakness. It also maintains the transmembrane electrical potential that exists between the ICF and ECF. To provide a more specialized care for the patient in terms of nutrition and diet in relation to the electrolyte imbalance. Nursing diagnosis:- Potential for dysrrythmia r/t hyperkalemia. 2. Facilitates excretion of sodium and water while sparing potassium. We may earn a small commission from your purchase. The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac conduction and neuromuscular disturbances, shift potassium into cells, eliminate excess potassium, and resolve the underlying disturbance. Bananas, spinach, broccoli, and some fish are high in potassium. 1. Hypokalaemia ECG Changes. No edema is noted, and in fact, mild tenting is noted on the back of the patients hand. Imbalances in blood potassium levels are referred to as hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. In this new version of a pioneering text, all introductory chapters have been rewritten to provide nurses with the essential information they need to comprehend assessment, its relationship to diagnosis and clinical reasoning, and the purpose and application of taxonomic organization at the bedside. You have diarrhea. To treat the kidney disease if this is the underlying cause of hyperkalemia. Therefore, a first priority is determining the need for urgent treatment through a combination of history, physical examination, laboratory, and electrocardiography findings. Patients with chronic hyperkalemia should be counseled to reduce dietary potassium. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal losses are common causes of hypokalemia, whereas kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and medication use are common causes of hyperkalemia. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. It can result in serious injury or death if it becomes too high or too low. You take medication that makes you pee ( water pills or diuretics) It's possible, but rare, to get . Elsevier. Inhaled Beta Agonists. Searches of PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse were completed using the key terms hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Common concentrations are 10 mEq/100 ml over 1 hour or 40 mEq/250 ml over 4 hours. Indications for prompt intervention are symptoms of hyperkalemia, changes on ECG, severe hyperkalemia (greater than 6.5 mEq per L), rapid-onset hyperkalemia, or underlying heart disease, cirrhosis, or kidney disease.24,30,3335 Potassium should be monitored often because patients are at risk of redeveloping hyperkalemia until the underlying disorder is corrected and excess potassium is eliminated. Too much or too little potassium in diet. Hypokalemia is defined as a serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L. Monitor heart rate and rhythm. A risk for diagnosis is not evidenced by signs and symptoms as the problem has not yet occurred and nursing interventions are aimed at prevention. Priority nursing diagnoses allnurses. Repeat measurement of serum potassium can help identify pseudohyperkalemia, which is common and typically results from potassium moving out of cells during or after sample collection.31 Other laboratory studies include measurement of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, measurement of urine electrolytes and creatinine, and assessment of acid-base status. nursing diagnosis provided by NANDA nursing care plans for various nursing mental health and psychiatric nursing. Inform him/her the target range for serum potassium levels. Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia are conditions that refer to abnormal levels of potassium in the blood. Read theprivacy policyandterms and conditions. ANTHONY J. VIERA, MD, MPH, AND NOAH WOUK, MD. Nursing Care Plans The goal of nursing care is to restore and maintain normal potassium levels through monitoring and appropriate interventions. Constipation low potassium levels (hypokalemia) can affect the intestinal muscles. Low magnesium levels. 4. After 1 hour of health teaching, the client will be able to: Identify measures to prevent hypokalemia. Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Hypernatremia Potentially Related To Dehydration Severe diarrhea Fever Vomiting Poorly controlled diabetes Certain medications Kidney disease Diabetes insipidus Extensive burns Evidenced By Extreme thirst Fatigue Headache Nausea Lethargy Confusion Muscle twitching or spasms Seizures Coma Desired Outcomes Nursing Diagnosis: Electrolyte Imbalance related to hypokalemia secondary to hyperaldosteronism as evidenced by serum potassium level of 2.9 mmol/L, high aldosterone levels, polyuria, increased thirst, weakness, tachycardia, and fatigue Desired Outcome: Patient will be able to re-establish a normal electrolyte and fluid balance. Increased thirst -as a result of polyuria, the body will try to compensate to avoid dehydration by increasing the thirst signal. Nursing assessment for hyperkalemia patients focuses on monitoring for signs and symptoms of life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias, as well as identifying and addressing the underlying cause of hyperkalemia. It is also needed in the formation of muscles in the body. Imbalanced Nutrition Less than Body requirements, BPH Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan, Legionnaires Disease Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan. Peripherally potassium should be administered no faster than 10 mEq per hour. Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care (9th ed., pp. Distended neck and peripheral veins. Rapid correction is possible with oral potassium; the fastest results are likely best achieved by combining oral (e.g., 20 to 40 mmol) and intravenous administration.22. Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal, usually greater than 5.0 mEq/L to 5.5 mEq/L. Potassium is an electrolyte needed primarily for muscle and nerve tissue function. Both conditions can be fatal and life-threatening; hence the need for prompt medical management depending on the severity. INTRODUCTION. Clinical features include muscle weakness and polyuria; cardiac hyperexcitability may occur with severe hypokalemia. Bananas, oranges, apricots, cooked spinach, potatoes, and mushrooms are all high in potassium. Psychiatric Nursing . Potassium helps carry electrical signals to cells in your body. Beta-blockers. 5. Here are some nursing interventions for patients with hyperkalemia: 1. Obtain daily blood sample from the patient. While some can be found in the bones, liver, and red blood cells, 98% is found in the muscle cells. Potassium regulates fluid and facilitates muscular contraction and nerve activity. The patient should be able to monitor for hypokalemia, which is common with diuretic administration. Consider switching to a potassium-sparing diuretic. Intravenous calcium, which helps prevent life-threatening conduction disturbances by stabilizing the cardiac muscle cell membrane, should be administered if ECG changes are present.24,25,35 Intravenous calcium has no effect on plasma potassium concentration. Nonurgent hypokalemia is treated with 40 to 100 mmol of oral potassium per day over days to weeks. Encourage frequent rest periods; assist with daily activities, as indicated.General muscle weakness decreases activity tolerance. 3. 4. Wound Care & Infection Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan, Parkinsons Disease Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan, Hypokalemia serum potassium level < 3.5 mEq/L (3.5 mmol/L), Hyperkalemia serum potassium level > 5.0 mEq/L (5.0 mmol/L), Excessive use of potassium-wasting diuretics, Increased production of aldosterone (water and salt regulating hormone) (such as in Cushings syndrome), Kidney disease impairing the reabsorption of potassium, Poor potassium intake such as through eating disorders. Electrolyte imbalance associated with potassium imbalance (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia) can be caused by conditions affecting the regulation, intake and excretion, and movement of potassium in the cellular space. Rectal: 30 to 50 g every 6 hours in a retention enema. This care plan handbook uses an easy, three-step system to guide you through client assessment, nursing diagnosis, and care planning. Institute fall and safety measures.Institute fall and safety measures due to the neuromuscular effect (muscle weakness) caused by the changes in potassium. Nursing interventions for hyperkalemia patients aim to prevent life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias by reducing serum potassium levels through a combination of medication administration, dietary management, and monitoring. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Treating these conditions involves monitoring and preventing hypo/hyperkalemia. 1. As a portion of daily potassium is excreted in the colon, lower GI losses in the form of persistent diarrhea can also result in hypokalemia and may be accompanied by hyperchloremic acidosis.6, Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Nursing Diagnosis Excess Fluid Volume May be related to Excess fluid or sodium intake. Including the client in the plan of care elicits participation. Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts for interprofessional collaborative care. There is an additive effect when albuterol is combined with insulin.38 Albuterol's potassium-lowering effect is mitigated in some patients, particularly those with end-stage kidney disease; therefore, albuterol should not be used as monotherapy.30, Sodium Bicarbonate. Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Knowledge related to new diagnosis of hyperkalemia as evidenced by patients verbalization of I want to know more about my new diagnosis and care. Centrally potassium can be administered more quickly and in larger doses via this route. To give the patient enough information on hypernatremia and its effects to the body. Administer prescribed potassium with precautions.Potassium can be administered IV or PO. Here are two nursing diagnosis for hyperkalemia and hypokalemia nursing care plans: Hyperkalemia: Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance Elsevier/Mosby. Hyperkalemia secondary to decreased distal delivery of sodium and water occurs with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, acute kidney injury, and advanced chronic kidney disease. Organ system dysfunction, such as life-threatening dysrhythmias, can occur when potassium is not balanced. Patients with a serum glucose level of more than 250 mg per dL (13.9 mmol per L) typically do not require coadministration of glucose. Check for safety hazards in the patients environment.Assess the following environmental factors: 5. Review the patients current medications.Imbalanced potassium and the use of cardiac medications (used to treat dysrhythmias) greatly increase the risk for muscle weakness and potential falls. A potassium deficiency can result in shortness of breath, and in severe cases, can stop the lungs from working completely. The search included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and reviews. Doenges, M. E., Moorhouse, M. F., & Murr, A. C. (2019). Risk for decreased cardiac output associated with potassium imbalance is caused by a disruption in the electric signals in the myocardium resulting in dysrhythmias. It will include three Hypokalemia nursing care plans with NANDA nursing diagnoses, nursing assessment, expected outcome, and nursing interventions with rationales. Hinkle, J. L., & Cheever, K. H. (2018). Figure 3 is an algorithm for the management of hyperkalemia, and Table 322,30,36 summarizes medications used in the treatment of the condition. [] Hypokalemia is a potentially life-threatening imbalance that may be iatrogenically induced. The ECG can provide useful information for hypokalemia. The medical information on this site is provided as an information resource only and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). Studies suggest that some antibiotics can cause high potassium levels. Identify and discontinue dietary sources of potassium, such asbeans, dark leafy greens, potatoes, squash, yogurt, fish, avocados, mushrooms, and bananas.Facilitates the reduction of potassium levels and may prevent the recurrence of hyperkalemia. 3. Eh wala, yung 15, naging 7. Potassium is an important electrolyte for nerve and muscle cell functioning, especially for muscle cells in the heart. Bradycardia can progress to cardiac fibrillation and arrest. Short-term goal: By the end of the shift the patient will be able to list a few foods high in potassium. knowing that the patient has hypokalemia and, specifically, periodic paralysis because of hypokalemia is only a beginning. Therefore, potassium helps control the fluid inside the cell, while sodium . Hypokalemia occurs when potassium falls below 3.6mmol/L and hyperkalemia occurs when potassium level in the blood is greater than 5.2mmol/L. She takes the topics that the students are learning and expands on them to try to help with their understanding of the nursing process and help nursing students pass the NCLEX exams. Fluid loss from the body such as vomiting and diarrhea causes depletion of the electrolyte potassium partly because potassium is actually lost with gastric fluid. Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. 1. After 48 hours of nursing intervention, the client will be able to maintain serum potassium levels within the normal range. Excessive sweating. The sixteenth edition includes the most recent nursing diagnoses and interventions from NANDA-I 2021-2023 and an alphabetized listing of nursing diagnoses covering more than 400 disorders. Urinalysis can also show the presence of potassium in the urine. Your body needs potassium to function correctly. Interprofessional patient problems focus familiarizes you with how to speak to patients. Strategies to prevent chronic hyperkalemia include instructing patients to eat a low-potassium diet, discontinuing or adjusting medications, avoiding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and adding a diuretic if the patient has sufficient renal function. Compromised regulatory mechanism. Determine the patients independence in performing activities.Promote and assist in patient ambulation and independence in self care. Avoid using medical jargons and explain in laymans terms. IV potassium can cause serious extravasation and vein irritation. Create a daily weight chart and a food and fluid chart. P. otassium functions to maintain fluid balance, to regulate nerve signals, and to help with muscle contractions. This must be given at a controlled slow rate as potassium solution may cause a burning sensation on the infusion site. Potassium supplement. Depletion of potassium occurs and then leads to altered electrolyte balance in the body. Your kidneys control your body's potassium levels, allowing for excess . Closely monitoring intake and output can help assess the patients current fluid status and will guide treatment. If able to eat and drink, administer PO potassium. Now, my body feels very weak., Vomitus of yellowish fluid approximately 70 cc times three episodes for two days, Diarrhea; Watery stools times 4 episodes for two days, Presence of an elevated U wave on ECG result, Altered electrolyte balance related to active fluid loss secondary to vomiting and diarrhea. Abnormal potassium levels commonly occur due to the following: Abnormal potassium levels can easily become a medical emergency as it can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Inhibits renal potassium excretion, can ameliorate some of the hypokalemia that thiazide and loop diuretics can cause. These can include assistive devices, braces, and adaptive equipment. Hypokalemia means low blood potassium levels. Hemolysis or breakdown of red blood cells, Rhabdomyolysis or the breakdown of muscle tissues, Burns, trauma, and other tissue injuries can also cause the release of potassium from the cells. Bounding pulses. Potassium helps in utilizing carbohydrates and protein to produce energy. Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercise. Medication use is a common cause of hyperkalemia, particularly in patients with baseline renal dysfunction or hypoaldosteronism.27 Medication-induced hyperkalemia is most often a result of the medication interfering with potassium excretion. Potassium disorders are common. Low potassium (hypokalemia) refers to a lower than normal potassium level in your bloodstream. Hypokalemia can be life-threatening. Volume depletion. Magnesium helps the movement potassium in and out the cells. Nursing Diagnosis: Electrolyte Imbalance related to hypokalemia as evidenced , serum potassium level of 2.9 mmol/L, polyuria, increased thirst, weakness, tachycardia, and fatigue Desired Outcome: Patient will be able to re-establish a normal electrolyte and fluid balance. (1998). Normally, your blood potassium level is 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). 1. Renal function should be monitored for patients receiving potassium replacement. Clinical manifestations of hypokalemia are typically seen only if the serum potassium is <3.0 mEq/L. Common acute manifestations are muscle weakness and ECG changes. Diarrhea. CRITICAL CARE NURSING CARE PLANS. Relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance, which also occurs in persons with diabetes, prevents potassium from entering cells. Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).68 Abnormal losses are most common.9 Because the kidney can significantly lower potassium excretion in response to decreased intake, insufficient intake is rarely the sole cause of hypokalemia, but it often contributes to hypokalemia in hospitalized patients.9, Diuretic use is a common cause of renally mediated hypokalemia.10 When given in the same dosage, chlorthalidone is more likely to induce hypokalemia than hydrochlorothiazide, which is more often implicated because of its widespread use.11,12 Diuretic-induced hypokalemia is dose-dependent and tends to be mild (3 to 3.5 mEq per L [3 to 3.5 mmol per L]), although it can be more severe when accompanied by other causes (e.g., gastrointestinal [GI] losses).13, GI losses are another common cause of hypokalemia, particularly among hospitalized patients.9 The mechanism by which upper GI losses induce hypokalemia is indirect and stems from the kidney's response to the associated alkalosis. Buy on Amazon, Silvestri, L. A. Place the patient on high potassium diet as per the physicians order. Dilute potassium when given IV.For patients who cannot take PO medications, IV potassium will be administered. To replace potassium lost by the body. She received her RN license in 1997. 3. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypokalemia: Assist client in selecting foods rich in potassium as such as banana, fruit juices, melon, citrus fruits,and fresh vegetables. 4. The main source of potassium is from food. Copyright 2023 American Academy of Family Physicians. This indicates depletion in the normal potassium levels in the body, a potential life-threatening emergency and can be fatal. This indicates depletion in the normal potassium levels in the body, a potential life-threatening emergency and can be fatal. Aphasia, muscle twitching, tremors, seizures. It is also responsible for keeping the heartbeat regular and promotes the movement of nutrients into and waste out of the cells. Buy on Amazon. Because of their increased risk of developing hyperkalemia, patients with underlying renal dysfunction merit special attention.22, Severe hyperkalemia (more than 6.5 mEq per L [6.5 mmol per L]) can cause muscle weakness, ascending paralysis, heart palpitations, and paresthesias. Hypokalemia can become life threatening if it affects the heart muscle, causes paralysis, or impairs the functioning of the lungs. Albuterol, a beta2 agonist, is an underutilized adjuvant for shifting potassium intracellularly.24,37 All forms of administration (i.e., inhaled, nebulized, and intravenous where available) are effective. Please follow your facilities guidelines and policies and procedures. For more information, check out our privacy policy. Buy on Amazon, Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L., Rebar, C. R., & Heimgartner, N. M. (2018). Diuretics (water retention relievers) Excessive laxative use. Sample Osteoporosis Nursing Care Plans |NANDA Nursing Diagnosis |Interventions with Rationales, Clopidogrel Bisulfate (Plavix) Nursing Implications |Patient Teachings, 19 NANDA Nursing Diagnosis for Fracture |Nursing Priorities & Management, 25 NANDA Nursing Diagnosis for Breast Cancer, 5 Stages of Bone Healing Process |Fracture classification |5 Ps, 9 NANDA nursing diagnosis for Cellulitis |Management |Patho |Pt education, 20 NANDA nursing diagnosis for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The oral potassium should be used in the dose 20-40 mEq three to four times a day (the lower dose is for patients receiving IV potassium, and the higher doses for patients receiving just the oral). List of NANDA Approved Nursing Diagnoses Nurse Hussein. Causes of potassium loss include: Alcohol use (excessive) Chronic kidney disease. Educate the patient about high-potassium foods. Cardiac enzymes are normal but his potassium level is 2.8 mmol/L. Medical conditions can also cause abnormal potassium levels; therefore, treatment also includes correcting the main cause of abnormal potassium levels. 1. Correction typically should not exceed 20 mmol per hour, although higher rates using central venous catheters have been successful in emergency situations.22 Continuous cardiac monitoring is indicated if the rate exceeds 10 mmol per hour. This content is owned by the AAFP. Consider IV maintenance fluids with potassium added. It should be noted that the recommended dose of nebulized albuterol (10 to 20 mg) is four to eight times greater than the typical respiratory dose. The nerve impulses are created by the movement of sodium and potassium in and out the cells. The diagnosis should be confirmed with a repeat serum potassium measurement. The most accurate method for evaluating urinary potassium excretion is a 24-hour timed urine potassium collection; normal kidneys excrete no more than 15 to 30 mEq per L (15 to 30 mmol per L) of potassium per day in response to hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is a side effect of diuretic administration and the patient is showing signs of dehydration. All rights reserved. Long-term goal: The patient will eat a broad variety of fruits and vegetables, with knowledge of a few high-potassium foods to eat in case of suspected hypokalemia. Elsevier. Oral potassium does not correct the problem, If hypokalemia is causing abnormal heart rhythms, Switching to potassium-sparing diuretics if needed, Treatment of kidney disease, which includes dialysis, Elimination disorders related to increase in urine volume (polyuria). High alcohol intake. High potassium occurs due to lack of insulin. ECG should be considered if the potassium level is greater than 6 mEq per L; if there are symptoms of hyperkalemia; if there is suspicion of rapid-onset hyperkalemia; or among patients with underlying kidney disease, heart disease, or cirrhosis who have a new case of hyperkalemia. It can quickly lead to cardiac arrest if injected too quickly (bolus) or in a large dose. Explain to the patient the relation of altered potassium levels to nausea and vomiting and loss of appetite. Discover the causes, symptoms, and treatments for these electrolyte imbalances. Perform a fall risk assessment.In acute care and long-term settings, fall risk scales are commonly utilized. Administer the following drugs, as prescribed: Also, potassium-rich foods in the diet help maintain potassium balance. The most common cause is excess loss from the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Significant leukocytosis (> 75,000 cells per mm, Acute kidney injury/chronic kidney disease, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, Calcium chloride, 10 mL of 10% solution IV over 5 to 10 minutes, or calcium gluconate, 30 mL of 10% solution IV over 5 to 10 minutes, Stabilizes cardiac muscle cell membrane; no effect on serum potassium or total body potassium, May potentiate digoxin toxicity; calcium chloride can cause phlebitis and tissue necrosis, Regular insulin, 10 units IV followed immediately by 50 mL of 50% glucose (25 g) IV, Shifts potassium into cells; no effect on total body potassium, May cause hypoglycemia; glucose is unnecessary if serum glucose level is > 250 mg per dL (13.9 mmol per L); additive effect when combined with albuterol, Can cause tachycardia and thus should be used with caution in patients with underlying heart disease; potassium-lowering effect not reliable in all patients; additive effect when combined with insulin, Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate), Binds potassium in exchange for sodium; lowers total body potassium, Association with gastrointestinal complications, particularly when combined with sorbitol; should be avoided in patients at risk of abnormal bowel function. Potassium movement from extracellular to intracellular fluid due to: IV therapy with potassium-deficient solutions, Rapid infusion of potassium-containing IV solutions, Adrenal insufficiency (such as in Addisons disease), Potassium movement from intracellular to the extracellular fluid, Muscle weakness, leg cramps, deep tendon hyporeflexia, and paresthesias, ECG changes: ST depression, inverted T waves, and prominent U waves, Increased motility, hyperactive bowel sounds, and diarrhea, Ascending flaccid paralysis until the respiratory muscles become affected as a toxic level of serum potassium is reached, ECG changes: Tall peaked T waves, widened QRS complexes, and prolonged PR intervals, Conditions that affect the movement of potassium in the cellular space, Alterations in the electrical conductivity of the heart, Patient will demonstrate serum potassium levels within normal limits, Patient will verbalize the absence of muscle pain or cramping, Disruption in the electric functioning of the heart, Patient will display pulse and blood pressure within acceptable limits, Patient will verbalize the absence of angina or palpitations, Patient will demonstrate ECG results of normal sinus rhythm, Patient will be able to verbalize understanding of decreased cardiac output in relation to hypo/hyperkalemia, Patient will participate in physical therapy sessions, Patient will be able to maintain or regain muscle strength. do you see all the information i began to generate from those two pieces of information? For the prevention of hypokalemia in patients with persistent losses, as with ongoing diuretic therapy or hyperaldosteronism, 20 mmol per day is usually sufficient.15, Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts (Table 2).8,24 The etiology of hyperkalemia is often multifactorial, with impaired renal function, medication use, and hyperglycemia as the most common contributors.25 Because healthy individuals can adapt to excess potassium consumption by increasing excretion, increased potassium intake is rarely the sole cause of hyperkalemia, and underlying renal dysfunction is common.24. F A Davis Company. To prevent cardiac conduction disturbances, intravenous calcium is administered to patients with hyperkalemic electrocardiography changes. Boiling potatoes and cutting vegetable sin small pieces are also recommended. The normal serum potassium concentration ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Administer a slow intravenous potassium solution as prescribed. The goal of nursing care is to restore and maintain normal potassium levels through monitoring and appropriate interventions. Nurses must closely monitor patients lab results and correct imbalances to prevent complications. Help the patient to select appropriate dietary choices to follow a high potassium diet. This is commonly done through the administration of oral potassium supplement and high potassium diet. steak marinade with worcestershire sauce and brown sugar,
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